Effect of alendronate on healing of bone defect and gingival tissue in osteopenic rats / Efecto del alendronato en la reparación de defectos óseos y tejido gingival en ratas con osteopenia

The aim was to evaluate bone repair and gingival tissue repair in osteopenic rats. Fifteen female wistar rats were included; in all of them ovariectomy was realized to induce osteopenia; after 45 days, the animals were submitted to 2 surgical techinques 1) dental extraction of the upper central incisor with no socket preservation and 2) 5 mm cranial defect in the calvarium; 5 rats were included in the control group (G1) withput alendronate application; in the group 2 (G2) was used subcutenous alendronate (0.5 mg/kg) once for three weeks and then was realizd the both surgical techniques. In group 3 (G3), after ovariectomy was realized the both dental extraction and the calvarium defect and after that was realized the alendronate protocol. In each group, after six week was realized euthanasia and descriptive histological analysis of the surgical areas involved. In bone formation of the 5 mm cranial defect was observed with good progression in the 3 experimental models and no modification in quality of bone repair was observed. For the gingival tissue in the extraction socket, no differences were observed between G1 and G3. On other hand, in G2 a thinner and reduced gingival epithelium was found. Our results showed that alendronate was not an obstacle for bone repair; deficiencies in re-epithelialization of oral mucosa show the impact of alendronate before dental extraction.

El objetivo fue evaluar la reparación ósea y gingival en ratas con osteopenia. Quince ratas wistar hembras fueron incluidas; en todas ellas se realizo ovarectomia y fue realizada la inducción de osteopenia; después de 45 días, los animales fueron sometidos a dos técnicas quirúrgicas 1) extracciones dentales del incisivo central superior sin preservación alveolar y 2) creación de un defecto craneano de 5 mm en la calota; 5 animales fueron incluidos como grupo control (G1) sin la aplicación de alendronato; en el grupo 2 (G2) se utilizó alendronato subcutáneo (0,5 mg/kg) una vez a la semana durante 3 semanas. En el grupo 3 (G3), después de la ovarectomia se realizó la exodoncia y el defecto en el cráneo y después de ello se inicio el protocolo con alendronato. En cada grupo, después de seis semanas se realizó la eutanasia con descripción histológica de los hallazgos. En el hueso formado en el defecto craneano de 5 mm se observó una adecuada progresión de reparación en los 3 modelos experimentales y no se observó cambios importantes en el modelo de reparación. Para el tejido gingival en el sitio de extracción, no se observaron diferencias entre el grupo G1 y G3. Por otra parte, el G2 presentó un tejido mas delgado con reducción del epitelio gingival; nuestros resultados demuestran que el alendronato no fue un obstáculo en la reparación ósea; deficiencias en la re epitelización de la mucosa oral muestran el impacto del alendronato después de la exodoncia.

Tratamento da osteonecrose mandibular medicamentosa usando a fibrina leucoplaquetária autóloga ­ Dez meses de acompanhamento sem recidiva / Treatment of medicamentous mandibular osteonecrosis through autologous leukocyte platelet-rich fibrin ­ a 10 months follow-up without signs of recurrence

Uma paciente do sexo feminino, com 72 anos de idade e exposição óssea intraoral, portadora de osteoporose, fazia uso de bifosfonatos há mais de cinco anos. Na região posterior mandibular direita havia osso exposto, hiperemia dos tecidos moles e exsudato purulento. A região mandibular anterior mostrava drenagem de secreção purulenta. Como havia necessidade de cirurgia de fêmur por recomendação médica, a paciente foi submetida à medicação específica (amoxicilina 500 mg, metronidazol 400 mg) e irrigação local com clorexidina 0,12%. Seis meses depois, e mediante os exames de TCFC e CTx sérico, foi realizada a terapia com fibrina leucoplaquetária autóloga. Estas biomembranas foram colocadas nas áreas de osso necrótico. Depois de 15 dias, observou-se uma grande exposição da área operada. Porém, clinicamente, já se notava neovascularização. Após 30 dias, havia grande epitelização da área que se encontrava exposta anteriormente. O caso foi controlado por mais 30 dias, totalizando 60 dias, podendo ser observada uma grande cobertura de tecido mole bem vascularizada e queratinizada na região. As terapias propostas para tratamento não apresentam eficácia suficiente para serem consideradas como protocolos. Dentro dos limites deste relato, a utilização da fibrina leucoplaquetária autóloga apresentou-se favorável como alternativa após dez meses e sem recidivas, abrindo perspectivas para tratar as necroses induzidas por estes medicamentos.

A 72 years-old female patient presented with intraoral bone exposure, osteoporosis, and bisphosphonate use (> 5 years). Also, at the posterior mandible, there was soft tissue hyperemia and pus. On the other hand, the anterior mandible presented with purulent drainage. Due to the need of a hip replacement by medical recommendation, the patient was submitted to specific pharmacological regimen (Amoxicillin 500 mg, Metronidazole 400 mg), and 0.12% chlorhexidine rinses. Six months later, and after CBCT and seric CTx exams, the autologous leukocyte platelet-rich fibrin therapy was applied. These biomembranes covered areas of necrotic bone. After 15 days, there was great exposition at the surgical area. However, neovascularization was clinically observed followed 30 days later by epithelization of previously exposed areas. The case was controlled for more 30 days, where well-vascularized and keratinized soft tissue coverage was identified. The proposed therapy does not provide efficacy to be considered as protocols. However, within the limits of this presentation, the autologous leukocyte platelet-rich fibrin seems to be favorable as an alternative and after 10 months no complications were observed. This opens new perspectives to treat bisphosphonate induced bone necrosis.

Osteonecrosis de los maxilares inducida por bifosfonatos; lo que el odontólogo debe saber hoy: pautas y protocolos / Bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaws: what the dentist must know todasy guidelines and protocols

Visto el incremento en el consumo de los bifosfonatos, siendo uno de los 19 medicamentos más prescriptos a nivel mundial, utilizados para el tratamiento de diversas patologías óseas, se reporta en el año 2003 la aparición de una lesión asociada al consumo de estos fármacos, denominada osteonecrosis de los maxilares inducida por bifosfonatos (ONMB). (1)El objetivo de éste trabajo es informar a la profesión acerca del consumo de éstas drogas, sus acciones y efectos en el área buco-maxilar, de forma de ampliar las medidas preventivas y los posibles tratamientos que disponemos en la actualidad.La profesión dental está ciertamente en una posición de privilegio, para prevenir y diagnosticar precozmente esta alteración. Nos corresponde dar información sobre este tema y estar familiarizados con las recomendaciones de tratamiento.Hemos realizado una revisión bibliográfica, de los protocolos más adecuados aplicables en la consulta, tomando como base los datos de la historia clínica, las indicaciones terapéuticas de estos fármacos, de manera que podamos evaluar los posibles daños asociados a nuestros tratamientos.

Having seen an increase on the use of bisphosphonates, being one of the top 19 prescribed medications Worldwide, used for the treatment of several bone pathologies, the occurrence of a new injury called Bisphosphonate Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (BRONJ) was reported in the year 2003. (1)The main goal of this work is to inform colleagues on the use of these drugs, their actions and effects, to increase the preventive measures and the potential treatments we have today.The dental profession certainly is in an advantageous position to prevent and be the precursor diagnosing this alteration. We must to give information on this subject and being familiar with the treatment recommendations are matters of our interest.We have carried out a bibliographical revision, so as to search for the most acceptable protocols applicable in the practice, taking the outstanding data on the clinical history as a starting point, the therapeutic indications of this drugs, allowing us to evaluate the potential damage we could cause.